Acai Palm

The Acai sawit, atau aqai, (diucapkan [asai], / ah-sah-EE /) adalah anggota dari genus Euterpe, yang berisi delapan jenis pohon palem yang asli ke Tengah dan Amerika Selatan, dari belize selatan ke Brazil dan Peru. These palms grow mainly in swamps and floodplains . Pohon kelapa ini tumbuh terutama di rawa-rawa dan floodplains.

The genus is named after the muse Euterpe of Greek mythology . Euterpe are tall, slender palms growing to 15–30 meters, with pinnate leaves up to 3 meters long. Genus bernama setelah memikirkan Euterpe dari mitologi Yunani. Euterpe yang tinggi, semampai pohon kelapa tumbuh ke 15-30 meter, dengan pinnate daun hingga 3 meter panjang. Many of the palms that were once in the genus Euterpe have been reclassified into the genus Prestoea (Riffle, 2003). Banyak sekali pohon kelapa yang dalam genus Euterpe telah menjadi reclassified genus Prestoea (Riffle, 2003). The species Euterpe oleracea is usually called Açaí Palm, after the European adaptation of the Tupian word ïwasa'i , '[fruit that] cries or expels water'. Spesies Euterpe oleracea biasanya disebut Acai Palm, setelah Eropa adaptasi dari tupian kata ïwasa'i, '[buah yang] cries atau expels air'.

Açaí palms are fast-growing, and are cultivated for both their fruits and for their superior hearts of palm. Acai pohon kelapa yang cepat tumbuh, dan budi baik bagi mereka dan untuk mereka buah hati sawit unggul. Global demand for the fruit has expanded rapidly in recent years, and açaí is now cultivated for that purpose primarily. Global permintaan buah telah berkembang pesat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir, dan kini Acai diolah untuk tujuan utamanya. The closely-related species Euterpe edulis (jucara) is now predominantly used for hearts of palm. Terkait erat dengan jenis Euterpe edulis (jucara) saat ini dikuasai digunakan untuk hati sawit.

Sebagian besar penelitian untuk tanggal Acai telah difokuskan pada khususnya beku-kering formulir disebut Opti-Acai. ^{[6] [7]} Ini bubuk persiapan Acai beku-kering dan kulit buah bubur dilaporkan ke mengandung (per 100 g dari ekstrak) 533,9 kalori, 52,2 g karbohidrat, 8,1 g protein, dan 32,5 g total lemak. The carbohydrate portion included 44.2 g of fiber . ^{[ 6 ]} The powder was also shown to contain (per 100 g): negligible vitamin C , 260 mg calcium , 4.4 mg iron , and 1002 U vitamin A , as well as aspartic acid and glutamic acid ; the amino acid content was 7.59% of total dry weight. Karbohidrat yang termasuk bagian dari 44,2 g serat. ^[6] The bedak juga ditampilkan mengandung (per 100 g): diabaikan vitamin C, 260 mg kalsium, 4,4 mg besi, dan 1002 U vitamin A, serta aspartic asam dan glutamic asam, yaitu asam amino isi sebelumnya 7,59% dari total berat kering.

The fat content of açaí consists of oleic acid (56.2% of total fats), palmitic acid (24.1%), and linoleic acid (12.5%). ^{[ 6 ]} Açaí also contains beta-sitosterol (78–91% of total sterols). ^{[ 6 ] [ 8 ]} The oil compartments in açaí fruit contain polyphenols such as pro cyanidin oligmers and vanillic acid , syringic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid , protocatechuic acid , and ferulic acid , which were shown to degrade substantially during storage or exposure to heat. ^{[ 9 ]} The fat konten Acai terdiri dari oleic asam (56,2% dari total Fats), palmitic acid (24,1%), dan asam linoleic (12,5%). ^[6] Acai juga mengandung beta-sitosterol (78-91% dari total sterols) . ^{[6] [8]} Minyak compartments dalam Acai buah mengandung Polyphenols seperti pro cyanidin oligmers dan vanillic asam, asam syringic, p-hydroxybenzoic asam, asam protocatechuic, dan ferulic acid, yang ditunjukkan untuk menurunkan substansial selama penyimpanan atau terpapar panas. ^[9]

Antioxidants of açaí raw materials Acai antioksidan dari bahan baku

A comparative analysis reported that açaí has intermediate antioxidant potency among 11 varieties of frozen juice pulps, scoring lower than acerola, mango, strawberry, and grapes. ^{[ 10 ]} J analisis komparatif Acai melaporkan bahwa telah intermediate Antioxidant potensi di antara 11 jenis jus beku pulps, lebih rendah dibandingkan angka acerola, mangga, strawberry, dan grapes. ^[10]

A powdered preparation of freeze-dried açaí fruit pulp and skin was shown to contain anthocyanins (3.19 mg/g); however, anthocyanins accounted for only about 10% of the overall antioxidant capacity. ^{[ 11 ]} The powdered preparation was also reported to contain twelve flavonoid -like compounds, including homoorientin , orientin , taxifolin , deoxyhexose , isovitexin , scoparin , as well as proanthocyanidins (12.89 mg/g), and low levels of resveratrol (1.1 μg/g). ^{[ 6 ]} J powdered persiapan Acai beku-kering dan kulit buah bubur ditunjukkan mengandung anthocyanins (3,19 mg / g), namun anthocyanins hanya menyumbang sekitar 10% dari keseluruhan kapasitas Antioxidant. ^[11] The powdered persiapan juga dilaporkan ke berisi dua belas flavonoid seperti compounds, termasuk homoorientin, orientin, taxifolin, deoxyhexose, isovitexin, scoparin, serta proanthocyanidins (12,89 mg / g), dan rendahnya tingkat resveratrol (1.1 μg / g). ^[6]

In a study of different açaí varieties for their antioxidant capacity, a white species displayed no antioxidant activity against different oxygen radicals , whereas the purple variety most often used commercially was excellent against peroxyl radicals , good against peroxynitrite , and poor against hydroxyl radicals . ^{[ 11 ]} Dalam studi yang berbeda untuk jenis Acai mereka Antioxidant kapasitas, putih spesies ditampilkan tidak berbeda terhadap aktivitas Antioxidant radikal oksigen, sedangkan ungu paling sering digunakan berbagai komersial yang sangat baik terhadap peroxyl radikal, baik terhadap peroxynitrite, dan miskin terhadap hydroxyl radikal. ^{[11 ]}

Freeze-dried açaí powder was found to have high antioxidant activity against superoxide (1614 units/g) and peroxyl radicals (1027 μmol TE/g) and milder activity for peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radicals. ^{[ 7 ]} The powder was reported to inhibit hydrogen peroxide -induced oxidation in neutrophils , and to have a slight stimulatory effect on nitric oxide production by lipopolysaccharide -stimulated macrophages in vitro . ^{[ 7 ]} Beku-kering Acai bedak ditemukan memiliki tinggi Antioxidant terhadap aktivitas superoxide (1614 unit / g) dan peroxyl radikal (TE 1027 μmol / g) dan milder kegiatan untuk peroxynitrite dan hydroxyl radikal. ^[7] The bubuk dilaporkan ke menghalangi hidrogen peroksida dipaksa-oksidasi dalam neutrophils, dan memiliki sedikit efek pada stimulatory berhubung dgn sendawa oksida produksi oleh lipopolysaccharide-merangsang macrophages in vitro. ^[7]

Extracts of açaí seeds were reported to have antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, similar to the antioxidant capacity of the pulp, with higher antioxidant capacity against peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radicals. ^{[ 12 ]} Ekstrak dari Acai bibit yang dilaporkan telah Antioxidant kapasitas terhadap peroxyl radikal, mirip dengan Antioxidant kapasitas dari pulp, dengan kapasitas yang lebih tinggi terhadap Antioxidant peroxynitrite dan hydroxyl radikal. ^[12]

Antioxidant activity of açaí juice Antioxidant kegiatan Acai juice

When three commercially available juice mixes containing unspecified percentages of açaí juice were compared for in vitro antioxidant capacity against red wine , tea , six types of pure fruit juice, and pomegranate juice (provided by Pom Wonderful , the sponsor of the study), the average antioxidant capacity was ranked lower than that of pomegranate juice, Concord grape juice, blueberry juice, and red wine. Ketika tiga komersial tersedia jus Mixes berisi yg tak ditentukan persentase Acai juice yang dibandingkan dalam vitro Antioxidant kapasitas terhadap merah anggur, teh, enam jenis murni Jus buah, dan delima jus (diberikan oleh Pom Wonderful, dengan sponsor dari studi), rata-rata Antioxidant kapasitas menduduki peringkat yang lebih rendah daripada jus delima, Concord grape juice, blueberry juice, dan anggur merah. The average was roughly equivalent to that of black cherry or cranberry juice, and was higher than that of orange juice, apple juice, and tea. ^{[ 13 ]} Rata-rata adalah kira-kira setara dengan black cherry atau cranberry juice, dan lebih tinggi daripada orange juice, apple juice, dan teh. ^[13]

Studies have demonstrated that blood antioxidant capacity increases within two hours of consuming a commercial açaí juice. ^{[ 14 ]} Penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa darah Antioxidant meningkatkan kapasitas dalam waktu dua jam memakan komersial Acai juice. ^[14]

Other research Penelitian lainnya

Freeze-dried açaí powder was shown to have mild inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2 , ^{[ 7 ]} and chemically-extracted polyphenolic -rich fractions from açaí were reported to reduce the proliferation of HL-60 (experimental leukemia ) cells in vitro . ^{[ 15 ]} In vitro anti-proliferative effects were also observed with extracts from açaí pulp oil. ^{[ 16 ]} Beku-kering Acai bedak ditunjukkan memiliki ringan yg menghalangi efek pada cyclooxygenase enzymes Cox-1 dan Cox-2, ^[7] dan kimia-diekstraksi polyphenolic kaya pecahannya dari Acai yang dilaporkan untuk mengurangi proliferasi dari HL-60 (percobaan leukemia) sel dalam vitro. ^[15] Dalam vitro efek anti-proliferative juga diamati dengan ekstrak dari Acai bubur minyak. ^[16]

Orally-administered açaí has been tested as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of the gastrointestinal system. ^{[ 17 ]} Its anthocyanins have also been characterized for stability as a natural food coloring agent. ^{[ 18 ]} Mulut-administratif Acai telah diuji sebagai agen kontras untuk magnetis resonansi imaging dari gastrointestinal sistem. ^[17] Its anthocyanins juga telah karakteristik untuk stabilitas alam sebagai pewarna makanan agen. ^[18]

Açaí scams Acai penipuan

There have been a number of disputes regarding the legality of some sites that have been using the free publicity created by Oprah's show ^{[ 19 ]} and other celebrities to sell online açaí-based products (mostly juice, pulp, powder or capsules). Ada beberapa sengketa mengenai legalitas dari beberapa situs yang telah menggunakan publisitas gratis yang dibuat oleh Oprah's show ^[19] dan lainnya untuk berjualan secara online selebriti Acai berbasis produk (kebanyakan jus, bubur, atau serbuk capsules). Some of these companies, according to the Better Business Bureau, have lured consumers into accepting 'free' samples of açaí berry supplements for weight loss and then used their credit card information for unauthorized charge backs. Beberapa perusahaan, menurut Better Business Bureau, telah menerima lured konsumen menjadi 'bebas' contoh Acai berry suplemen untuk berat badan dan kemudian mereka menggunakan informasi kartu kredit untuk biaya punggung tidak sah. The BBB warns consumers of these type of practice and advises them to carefully read the "Terms of Service" pages ^{[ 20 ]} of these sites. BBB yang memperingatkan konsumen jenis ini praktek dan nasihat kepada mereka untuk berhati-hati membaca "Ketentuan Layanan" halaman ^[20] dari situs-situs tersebut. In most of the times, the strategy of these companies is to offer customers free trials. Dalam sebagian besar kali, strategi perusahaan adalah untuk menawarkan pelanggan bebas persidangan. People that sign up are asked to pay the shipment fee. Orang-orang yang mendaftar diminta untuk membayar biaya pengiriman. The companies register subscribers with their credit card details and after a few weeks, start charging them for other products that will be sent on a regular basis. Perusahaan mendaftarkan pelanggan dengan rincian kartu kredit dan setelah beberapa bulan, mereka mulai